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A caudate sonnet is an expanded version of the sonnet. It consists of 14 lines in standard sonnet forms followed by a coda (Latin ''cauda'' meaning "tail", from which the name is derived). The invention of the form is credited to Francesco Berni. According to the ''Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry,'' the form is most frequently used for satire, such as the most prominent English instance, John Milton's "On the New Forcers of Conscience Under the Long Parliament."〔"Caudate sonnet," ''The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics.'' Ed. Alex Preminger and T.V.F. Brogan. Princeton UP, 1993.〕 Gerard Manley Hopkins used the form in a less satirical mood in his "That Nature is a Heraclitean Fire."〔See the introduction and notes to "Heraclitean Fire" in ''The Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins'', 4th edition, ed. W.H. Gardner and N.H. Mackenzie (Oxford UP, 1967).〕 The poem is one of many in which Hopkins experimented with variations on sonnet form. However, unlike the curtal sonnet, a Hopkins invention which is a 10½-line form with precisely the same proportions as a Petrarchan sonnet, his caudate sonnet is a full sonnet unmodified but with an extra six lines. Hopkins heightens the effect of the extension with an enjambment from the 14th line to the 15th. Hopkins explored the possibility of such a coda in a series of letters exchanged with Robert Bridges, from whom he learned of the centrality of Milton's example in the form.〔Jennifer A. Wagner, "The Allegory of Form in Hopkins's Religious Sonnets," ''Nineteenth-Century Literature'', Vol. 47, No. 1. (Jun., 1992), 44-45.〕 Though the intent of his example is distinct from Milton's satirical use, the effect of the coda—to add stability to the poem's close—is comparable.〔See Wagner (45), who quotes Barbara Herrnstein Smith on the effect of the form.〕 ==References== 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「caudate sonnet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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